Places Muslim Americans in the Center of American History and Culture. Muslims have long played a central role in American history. Since the colonial period, when an estimated 20,000 African Muslims were transported to America as slaves, to the early 20th century, when Muslim immigrants came to the United States from the Middle East, Europe, and Asia, to the present day, Islam has been an integral part of the American experience. The terrorist attacks of 9/11 produced a heavy backlash against Muslim Americans, contributing to their being stereotyped, maligned, and marginalized in American society. Encyclopedia of Muslim-American History places Muslim Americans squarely in the center of American history and culture. Written in clear and jargon-free prose, this authoritative reference provides a new and broader, more inclusive approach to American history. Including nearly 300 articles, this two-volume reference set is the first to focus on this critical subject, covering all the historical and contemporary issues, events, people, court cases, themes, and activism relating to Muslim Americans. More than 100 historians, scholars, and experts contributed to this encyclopedia, tracing the experiences and impact that Muslim Americans have had on our nation's history for hundreds of years. Helpful reference features include original documents, a master chronology, and an extensive bibliography.