This comprehensive work about the incarceration of Nikkei (Japanese and Japanese Americans) during World War II explores the societal racism and political decision-making that fueled it, as well as its personal impact on thousands. The U.S. Justice Department and military had very different opinions regarding West Coast Nikkei after Pearl Harbor, while white farmers and business owners threatened by the success of their Nikkei counterparts saw opportunity. The military prevailed, leading to Executive Order 9066 ordering the incarceration of West Coast Japanese. Drawing on hundreds of interviews in primary and secondary source documents, the author includes numerous quotes from Japanese, Japanese Americans, and others in a work that looks at displacement and loss; rising tensions among Nikkei around the loyalty oath; the extraordinary accomplishments—and incredible losses—of the Japanese American units who fought in the war; and the courage of those who challenged aspects of Executive Order 9066 in the courts. Final chapters look at reparation efforts and Nikkei allyship with other communities in the wake of 9/11 and more recent immigration restrictions. The primary narrative comprises about half of this incredibly substantial book, while the voluminous end matter includes brief biographies of the many individuals who are quoted. There is also a timeline on the Japanese in America and detailed source notes for the author’s research. (Age 13 and older)